Which term refers to packaging data and methods into a single unit within object-oriented programming?

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Packaging data and methods into a single unit in object-oriented programming is called encapsulation. It bundles the object's state (its fields) with the behaviors (its methods) that operate on that state, all inside one cohesive unit—the object. Encapsulation also usually involves restricting direct access to the internal state and exposing a controlled interface, which helps protect data, reduces complexity for users of the class, and supports modular design.

This concept differs from other OO ideas: inheritance is about creating new classes from existing ones to reuse and extend behavior; abstraction focuses on exposing essential features while hiding unnecessary details; polymorphism lets different classes be treated through a common interface, enabling interchangeable use of objects.