Which paradigm models software as a collection of interacting objects?

• A. Procedural Programming
• B. Functional Programming
• C. Imperative Programming
• D. Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Answer: (D)

In object-oriented programming, software is modeled as a collection of interacting objects that encapsulate data and the operations that manipulate that data. Each object represents an entity with its own state and behavior, and objects communicate by sending messages or invoking methods on each other. This setup promotes modularity and reuse, because each object handles its responsibilities and exposes a clear interface.

Procedural programming, by contrast, centers on a sequence of steps or procedures that operate on data, with data often separate from the functions that act on it. Functional programming emphasizes pure functions and immutable data, focusing on how data is transformed rather than how objects with state interact. Imperative programming covers a broad approach of describing how a program changes state through commands, not necessarily organizing the program around interacting objects.